In the context of energy transition, new construction materials are being developed, with the concern of being more eco-friendly all along their life cycle. This includes bio-based materials like hemp concrete. Based on experimental data, this paper documents a model predicting heat and moisture transfer through hemp concrete. Scale analysis allows to go further into the description by identifying the dominant driving forces both for moisture and heat transfer, for different classes of relative humidity. The case study deals with a material submitted to a variation in temperature and relative humidity on its surface. A significant change is noticed around a relative humidity psi=95%. Below this threshold the temperature gradient is the main driving force for moisture transfer. The dominant mechanism becomes the capillary pressure gradient when psi \textgreater 95%. In the latter relative humidity range, phase change enthalpy becomes in the same order of magnitude as conduction heat transfer. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.